Iinkcazo kunye nomahluko phakathi kobude bojoliso lwelensi, umgama ogxininise ngasemva, kunye nomgama weflange zezi zilandelayo:
Ubude bokuJonga:Ubude bojoliso yiparamitha ebalulekileyo ekufotweni nakwizinto zamehlo ezibhekiselele kumgama osuka kumbindi obonakalayo welensi ukuya kwinqwelo-moya yomfanekiso (oko kukuthi, inqwelo-moya yoluvo lwekhamera), eqhele ukulinganiswa ngeemilimitha. Lo mlinganiso udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni imbono kunye neempawu zemifanekiso yelensi. Iilensi ezinobude obahlukeneyo bokujolisa zibonelela ngeemfuno ezahlukeneyo zeefoto kunye neemeko. Umzekelo, iilensi ezinobude obufutshane bokujolisa, ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba ziilensi ezinobude obubanzi, zifanelekile ukubamba imiboniso ebanzi efana nezakhiwo zokwakha okanye imbonakalo-mhlaba enkulu. Ezi lens zibonelela ngommandla obanzi wokujonga, okuvumela abafoti ukuba babandakanye izinto ezininzi ngaphakathi kwesakhelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubude obuqhelekileyo obuqhelekileyo, obufana ne-50 mm, buguquguqukayo kwaye bufanelekele kakuhle ukufota okuqhelekileyo. Balinganisa ngokusondeleyo indawo yendalo yeliso lomntu, bebenza ukhetho oluhle kakhulu lwemifanekiso, ukufota ezitalatweni, kunye neemeko zokudubula zemihla ngemihla. Ngokuchaseneyo, iilensi ezinde zojoliso, ezaziwa ngokuba ziilensi zetelephoto, ziyilelwe izifundo ezikude. Ezi lens zicinezela umgama obonwayo phakathi kwezinto, zizenza zilungele ukubamba izilwanyana zasendle, iminyhadala yemidlalo, okanye nasiphi na isifundo esibekwe kude nomfoti.
Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba ubude bogxininiso abuchaphazeli kuphela intsimi yokujonga kodwa buchaphazela ubunzulu bentsimi kunye nokuphazamiseka komfanekiso. Ubude obufutshane bokugxila buthanda ukuvelisa imifanekiso enobunzulu obukhulu bentsimi kunye noxinzelelo oluncinci, ngelixa ubude bengqwalasela emide bukhokelela kubunzulu obunzulu bentsimi kunye neziphumo ezicacileyo zoxinzelelo. Ukuqonda ezi mpawu kuvumela abafoti ukuba bakhethe i-lens efanelekileyo kumbono wabo wokudala.
I-Back Focal Distance (BFD): Umgama ogxininise ngasemva, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-back focal length, ilinganisa umgama ukusuka kumphezulu ongasemva welensi element yokugqibela ukuya kwi-imaging plane (okt, i-sensor plane yekhamera). Le parameter ibalulekile kuyilo lwelensi kunye nokusebenza kuba ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubume bangaphakathi kunye nomgangatho wokukhanya welensi. Ngokuxhomekeke kubude obugxininisiweyo kunye nokusetyenziswa okucetyiweyo kwelensi, umgama ogxininise ngasemva unokwahluka kakhulu. Umzekelo, iilensi ezineengile ezibanzi zihlala zinemigama emifutshane yokujolisa ngasemva ngenxa yoyilo lwazo lwamehlo, olubandakanya ukugoba imitha yokukhanya kwii-engile ezibukhali ukufikelela kwindawo ebanzi yokujonga. Ngokwahlukileyo, iilensi ze-telephoto zifuna umgama omde wokujolisa ngasemva ukuze zivumelane nolungiselelo lwazo oluntsonkothileyo, olubandakanya izinto ezininzi zeelensi ukunciphisa ukujika kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba bukhali kuso sonke isakhelo.
Umgama ogxile ngasemva ukwamisela indawo ebonakalayo ekhoyo yokubeka izinto ezongezelelweyo ngaphakathi kwilensi, njenge-diaphragms, izihluzi, okanye iindlela zokuzinzisa. Ilensi eyilwe kakuhle kufuneka ilungelelanise umgama wokujolisa ngasemva kunye nezinye izinto ezifana nobunzima, ubungakanani, kunye neendleko zokuhambisa ukusebenza kakuhle. Ngaphaya koko, umgama ogxile ngasemva udlala indima ephambili ekuqinisekiseni ukuhambelana phakathi kweelensi kunye nemizimba yekhamera, ngakumbi xa usebenzisa iiadaptha ezikhethekileyo okanye izincedisi.
Umgama weFlange:Umgama weflange yenye iparameter eyimfuneko ekufotweni emele umgama ukusuka kumphezulu weflange wojongano lwelensi yentaba (okt, umphezulu woqhagamshelwano phakathi kwelensi kunye nomzimba wekhamera) ukuya kwinqwelomoya yoluvo lwekhamera. Lo mlinganiso ubalulekile ekugcineni ukulungelelaniswa okufanelekileyo phakathi kwe-lens kunye ne-sensor ye-imaging, ukuqinisekisa ukugxila ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokubukhali kwimifanekiso ebanjwe. Ngaphakathi kwenkqubo efanayo yokunyuka, zombini umzimba wekhamera kunye nelensi zabelana ngomgama ofanayo weflange, eqinisekisa ukudityaniswa komthungo kunye nokusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokunyuka zinokuba nemigama eyohlukeneyo yeflange, enokudala imingeni xa uzama ukusebenzisa iilensi ezenzelwe inkqubo enye kumzimba wekhamera osuka kwenye inkqubo.
Iinkqubo zekhamera zanamhlanje, ngakumbi iikhamera ezingenazipili, zihlala zinemigama emifutshane yeflange xa kuthelekiswa nee-DSLRs zemveli. Olu khetho loyilo lubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, kubandakanya ukukwazi ukwenza iilensi ezincinci, ezilula kunye nokuphuculwa kokusebenza kwamehlo ngokubeka izinto zelensi kufutshane nenzwa. Ukongeza, iikhamera ezingenazipili ezinemigama emifutshane yeflange zinokuthatha iilensi ezinomgama omde weflange ngokusetyenziswa kwamakhonkco eadaptha. Ezi ziadaptha zivumela abafoti ukuba basebenzise uluhlu olubanzi lweelensi zelifa, bandise amathuba abo okudala kunye nokubonelela ngofikelelo kwiimpawu ezizodwa zamehlo ezinokungafumaneki kwiilensi zangoku.
Umahluko kunye noQhagamshelwano phakathi kwabo:
Inkcazo kunye noMahluko weNqaku loMlinganiso: Nganye kwezi parameters ilinganisa umgama owahlukileyo onxulumene nelensi kunye nenkqubo yekhamera. Ubude obugxininisekile bulinganisa umgama ukusuka kwiziko le-optical lens ukuya kwindiza yokucinga, emele iprayimari.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-21-2025